In Glossary§

See primary documentation in context for Arity.

The number of Positional operands expected by an operator, subroutine, method or callable block.

sub infix:<+>(Foo $a, Foo $b) { $a.Int + $b.Int }  # arity of "+" is 2
sub frobnicate($x) { ... }                         # arity of 1
sub the-answer() { 42 }                            # arity of 0
-> $key, $value { ... }                            # arity of 2

The arity of a Callable is one of the main selectors in multi-dispatch.