In Operators§
See primary documentation in context for infix :=.
Binding operator. Whereas $x = $y puts the value in $y into $x, $x := $y makes $x and $y the same thing.
my $a = 42; my $b = $a; $b++; say $a;
This will output 42, because $a and $b both contained the number 42, but the containers were different.
my $a = 42; my $b := $a; $b++; say $a;
This will output 43, since $b and $a both represented the same object.
If type constrains on variables or containers are present a type check will be performed at runtime. On failure X::TypeCheck::BindingType will be thrown.
Please note that := is a compile time operator. As such it can not be referred to at runtime and thus can't be used as an argument to metaoperators.